X-Efficiency: It Has Been 15 Years...........

Friday, July 22, 2005

To those of you who do not know, 15 years ago today, my whole family immigrated to Canada from Hong Kong.

"A monopolist may be X-inefficient either because it does not have an incentive to be more efficient due to lack of competition or it does not have the opportunity to observe and learn from other more efficient firms in the industry. In an industry high profits may imply high prices due to x-inefficiency. However, excess profits do not necessarily mean that consumers are paying higher prices. And, lack of excess profit does not necessarily indicate competition or cost efficiency." Leibenstein, Harvey. 1966. "Allocative Efficiency vs. 'X-Efficiency'," American Economic Review 56, (June), pp. 392-415